Qualitative Phytochemical Tests and Bioactivity of Vitex negundo L. Leaf extracts against Aedes aegypti L.

Abstract

Qualitative Phytochemical tests and bioactivity of aqueous, acetone and ethanolic leaf extracts of Vitex negundo L. against Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae were carried out. Alkaloid, carbohydrate, coumarin, flavonoid, phenol, tannin and triterpenoid were located in both acetone and ethanol extract except carbohydrate in acetone extract. Alkaloid was absent in aqueous extract. Anthocyanin, anthraquinone and protein were absent in all the extracts studied. For mosquito larvicidal activity Aedes aegypti L. 4^th Instar larvae were selected and the mortality percentage was calculated and compared. Different concentrations of aqueous, acetone and ethanol extracts (1mg/ml, 3mg/ml and 5mg/ml) with different time of exposure (24, 48 and 72 hours) were evaluated and the results showed that in aqueous extract mortality percentage was obtained (20%) only on 5mg/ml on exposure to 72 hours. Mortality percentage was zero in 1mg/ml and 3mg/ml on exposure to 24 and 48 hours. The highest mortality percentage (100%) was obtained both in acetone and ethanol extracts with concentrations of 3mg/ml and 5mg/ml on exposure to 48 and 72 hours respectively. The results revealed that mortality percentage was increases with increase in concentration as well as time of exposure in all the extracts studied.